CW308T-SAM4L

CW308T-SAM4L
Target Device	Atmel SAM4L
Target Architecture	ARM Cortex M4
Hardware Crypto	Yes
Supported Apps	Simple Serial Enc/Auth
Status	Released

This board supports the Atmel SAM4L microcontroller. The default build has the Atmel ATSAM4LC2AA-AU, which has 128KB flash and 32KB SRAM.

Power Supply

The Atmel SAM4L has an internal 1.8V regulator. This regulator is not used in the board, instead power for the core is supplied by an external LDO on the UFO board. Be sure to enable the 1.8V and 3.3V regulators on the UFO board for the SAM4L board to function.

Hardware AES

The SAM4L has a hardware AES module, with optional countermeasures that can be enabled. These countermeasures are described in the SAM4L datasheet as the following options:

• Type 1: Randomly add one cycle to data processing
• Type 2: Randomly add one cycle to data processing (other version)
• Type 3: Add a random number of clock cycles to data processing, subject to a maximum of 11 clock cycles for key size of 128 bits
• Type 4: Add random spurious power consumption during data processing

Interestingly they can be individually enabled/disabled. This makes the SAM4L a useful training target for power analysis attacks against various hardware countermeasures.

Programming

An external programmer is needed for this target. The SAM4L has an internal bootloader you can use via an external serial port, which is not yet supported directly by the ChipWhisperer-Capture software.

JTAG Programmer

The 20-pin JTAG port (J6 on CW308 Board) can be used with the ATATMEL-ICE which is Atmel's JTAG programmer. You can use any other ARM programmer you might have as well (i.e., OpenOCD, Segger J-Link, etc).

Using Atmel SAM-BA

Atmel SAM4L has a built-in bootloader. Not this bootloader is NOT ROM-Resident - if you reprogram the device the bootloader is lost, since it is stored in flash memory. It is recommended to use an external JTAG programmer for this target, as since the bootloader is not ROM-resident it can easily be overwritten by accident (i.e., if connecting a JTAG programmer).

SimpleSerial Program

The SimpleSerial-AES program can be built for this target. This can use either hardware crypto or a software AES. This project is currently built via the Atmel Studio IDE, and the project file is located at hardware/victims/firmware/simpleserial-aes/ide_projects/asf/sam4l-simpleserial-aes with the ChipWhisperer release.

If an Atmel ICE is attached as above, you should be able to build and run the example in 'debug' mode:

After this, you

This uses the SAM4L HAL that is part of the build process. An automatically generated makefile can be modified to built in Linux, but currently has not been integrated into the rest of the system.

Adjusting Hardware AES

Inside the file hwaes.c you will find the AES hardware initilization. This is given in the following code sample:

void aes_init(void)
{
	periclk_aesa_init();
	SCIF->SCIF_GCCTRL[AESA_GCLK_NUM].SCIF_GCCTRL = SCIF_GCCTRL_OSCSEL(GENCLK_SRC_CLK_CPU) |  SCIF_GCCTRL_CEN;

    /* AES Enable */
    AESA->AESA_CTRL = AESA_CTRL_ENABLE | AESA_CTRL_NEWMSG; /* Enable, auto-accept new messages */
	
	//Use with debugger to check PARAMETER register value
	//volatile uint32_t param = AESA->AESA_PARAMETER;
	
    /* AES Mode */
    AESA->AESA_MODE = AESA_MODE_ENCRYPT | (AESA_MODE_CTYPE(0x0F)); /* Encrypt Mode, with all countermeasures */    
	//AESA->AESA_MODE = AESA_MODE_ENCRYPT; /* Encrypt Mode, without countermeasures */   
    
    /* Setup random seed for countermeasures to work */
    AESA->AESA_DRNGSEED = 0xDEADBEEF; //A very random number        
}

Note there are two options shown, where countermeasures can be enabled or disabled. You can see the SAM4L datasheet for a description of the countermeasures. The following compares the power traces with and without countermeasures:

The following shows countermeasures enabled, you can see various execution paths taken during the encryption:

Compare this to the countermeasures disabled:

Schematic

See GIT Repo for PDF of schematic.

Board Layout

See GIT Repo for gerber files.

Old Hardware (see RTFM.NEWAE.COM for new)

3rd Party Targets	SAKURA-G Target • SASEBO-W Target
Test Equipment	PicoScope (USB Scope) • VISA Connected Oscilloscope
Obsolete	CW1002 ChipWhisperer Capture Rev2 • CW301 Multi-Target